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| gp.vk;.ehf`tj;j (jiyth;) |
jpU.ehf`tj;j mtHfs; rl;lkhdp (rpwg;G) gl;lj;ijAk;> rl;l KJkhdpg; gl;lj;ijAk; ngw;wtuhth;. mj;Jld; nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fof rl;lgPlj;jpd; tUif NguhrphpauhfTk;> ghPl;irg; ghpNrhjfuhfTk; flikahw;WfpwhH. 2008 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; e\dy; nltyg;nkd;l; tq;fpapd; jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;gjw;F Kd;djhf> epjp jpl;lkply; mikr;rpd; rpNu\;l rl;lj;Jiw kw;Wk; tq;fpj;Jiw MNyhrfuhf ,tH Nritahw;wpdhH.
jpU.ehf`tj;j mtHfs;> njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F Mrpah> mT];jpNuypah kw;Wk; epA+rpyhe;J Mfpa ehLfspd; tq;fp eltbf;iffis xOq;fikf;Fk; SEANZA FOk ehLfspd; tq;fp Nkw;ghHitahsHfspd; jiytuhfTk; gzpahw;wpAs;shH. mj;Jld;> kNy\pahtpy; ,aq;Fk; njw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F Mrpa ehLfspd; kj;jpa tq;fpfspd; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gapw;rp epiyaj;jpd; rl;l ];jhgdj;jpd; eltbf;iffSld; ,ize;J nraw;gLtJld;> jha;yhe;jpy; mike;Js;s Mrpa- gRgpf; fpuhkpa kw;Wk; tptrhaf; fld; $l;likg;gpd; mikg;G tpjpfs; kw;Wk; Jiztpjpfs; Mfpatw;wpid tFg;gjpYk; Kd;dpd;W nrayhw;wpAs;shH
jpU.ehf`tj;j mtHfs;> ,yq;if tq;fpapd; jiytuhfTk;> ,yq;if fld; jfty; gzpafj;jpd; jiytuhfTk;> ,yq;if gpizKwpfs; kw;Wk; ghptHj;jid Mizf;FOtpd; MizahsuhfTk;> ,yq;iff; fhg;GWjpr; rig mq;fj;juthfTk;> ,yq;if Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; flikahw;wpAs;shH. mj;Jld;; gy epWtdq;fspd; jiyth; kw;Wk; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; Nritahw;wpAs;shH. |
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| ury; b nky; (gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp) |
gl;;la Kfhikj;Jtf; fzf;fhsh; (UK) epWtdj;jpd; mq;fj;jtuhd jpU. ury; b nky; mtHfs;> Vwj;jhs 29 tUlq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhf> NDB tq;fpapy; Nritahw;wpAs;shH. ,tH mjpfsthf $l;biz tq;fpapay; JiwapNyNa ngUk;ghYk; flikahw;wpAs;shH. jw;NghJ jpU. b nky; mtHfs;> tq;fpapd; cg jiytuhfTk;> $l;biz tq;fpf; FOk jiyikajpfhhpahfTk; Nritahw;WfpwhH.
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd epjpaPl;ly;> tHj;jf tq;fpapay;> $l;bizj; jpl;lkply;> Kfhikj;Jt jfty;fs; cs;spl;l Vuhskhd gphpTfspy; ,tH flik Ghpe;Js;shH.
jw;NghJ tfpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; gjtpepiyf;F Kd;djhf> jpU. b nky; mtHfs; FOk ,lH Kfhikj;Jt jiyikajpfhhp kw;Wk; cg jiytH Mfpa gjtp epiyfis tfpj;jhH. |
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| vr;.B.v];.mku#hpa (gzpg;ghsh;) |
jpU.mku#hpa mtHfs;> rHtNjr ~rpq;fH| $l;likg;gpd; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; rpWtpw;gid jiytuhf gzpahw;wpa NghJk;> nu[;dP]; yq;fh> ,yq;if ghl;lh ghjzpfs; epWtdk; Mfpa epWtdq;fspy; gzpahw;wpajd; NghJk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l jkJ rpwe;j Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; re;ijg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tpahghu Mw;wy;fis jk;Kld; NDB tq;fpf;F vLj;J te;Js;shH.
mj;Jld;> rpq;fh; Mrpah ypkpll; kw;Wk; hPnlapy; N`hy;bq; mnkhpf;fh Mfpatw;wpy; gzpahw;wpajd; NghJ <l;bf;nfhz;l rHtNjr Kfhikj;Jt mDgtj;jpidAk; jd;NdhL nfhzHe;Js;shH. |
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| fyhepjp hpr;rHl; Nthf;]; (gzpg;ghsh;) |
fyhepjp wpr;rh;l; Nthf;]; mtHfs;> Mrpahtpd; Nk;ghl;Lf;fhf 30 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nky; gzpahw;wpa mDgtk; nfhz;l xU jiyrpwe;j nghUshjhu epGzuhth;. 1991 Mk; Mz;L Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapy; ,ize;Jnfhz;l mth;> 1995 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; 1997 Mk; Mz;L tiu fpof;Fg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;fhd cg jiythpd; mYytfj;jpy; rpNu\;l nghUspayhsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. 1997k; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;jpahtpw;fhd rpNu\;l nghUshjhu epGzuhfTk;> rpNu\;l mYtyuhfTk; gzpGhpe;j mtH> Neghsj;jpw;fhd Njrg; gzpg;ghsuhfTk;> njw;fhrpahtpw;fhd nraw;gLj;jy; xUq;fpizg;Gg; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; flikahw;wpAs;shH. 2006k; Mz;L Kjy; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; ,yq;iff;fhd tjptpl NritfSf;fhd Njrg;gzpg;ghsuhfTk; ,tH Nritahw;wpAs;shH. fyhepjp wpr;rh;l; Nthf;]; mtHfs;> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapy; ,ize;J nfhs;tjw;F Kd;djhf> If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s nfd;w; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; ghq;nfhf;fpYs;s Mrpa njhopy;El;g epiyak; Mfpatw;wpy; Nghjdhrphpauhf Nritahw;wpAs;shH. mj;Jld; ]hk;gpahtpy;> tptrha kw;Wk; $l;LwT mikr;rpd; MNyhrfuhfTk; fyhepjp wpr;rh;l; Nthf;]; mtHfs; gzpahw;wpAs;shH. fyhepjp Nthf;f]; mtHfs;> Hull gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; nghUshjhuj;Jiwapy; PhD juhjuj;jpid (1978 ,y;) ngw;Ws;shH. mj;Jld;> mNj gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; njw;fhrpa Ma;Tj;Jiwapy; mth; $l;L ,skhzp (rpwg;G) gl;lKk; (1972) ngw;Ws;shH. |
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| fyhepjp v];. aj;nj`pNf (gzpg;ghsh;) |
,yq;ifapy; gpwe;j gphpj;jhdpa FbAhpik ngw;wtuhd fyhepjp Nrd aj;njdpN` mtHfs;> gphpj;jhdpa tpQ;Qhdp kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsuhfTk;> If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopyjpguhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;whH. caH njhopDl;g Nkk;ghL> jd;dpaf;f rhjd cw;gj;jp> mj;Jld; INuhg;gh kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fh Mfpa ehLfSf;F jd;dpaf;f $Wfs; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; FOk epWtdk; xd;wpd; Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; ,tH Nritahw;Wfpd;whH. wpr;rh;l; gPhp]; FOkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j epWtdq;fisj; jtpu> Rtp]; gHk#l;bf;fy; epWtdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhfTk;> vz;zw;w INuhg;gpa epWtdq;fspd; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; ,tH tpsq;Ffpd;whH. fyhepjp Nrd aj;njdpN` mtHfs;> 2007 Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; Kjy;> NDB tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsH rig mq;fj;jtuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. |
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| V.Mh;.FzNrfu (gzpg;ghsh;) |
jpU. FzNrfu mtHfs;> ,yq;if gl;laf; fzf;fhsh; epiyaj;jpd; mq;fj;jtuhthh;. ,tUf;F 17 tUl fhyq;fs; rHtNjr ehLfspy; gzpahw;wpa mDgtk; cz;L. ]hk;gpah kw;Wk; nghl;];thdh Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Coopers & Lybrand epWtdj;jpy; VO tUlq;fs; tiu Nritahw;wpa ,tH rpNu\;l fzf;fha;T Kfhikahsuhf tpyfpr;nrd;whH.
,jidj; njhlHe;J nyhapl;]; ,d;#ud;]; GNuhf;fpq; F&g;> kpndl;]; epWtdj;jpd; nghl;Rthdh fpisapd; epjpg; gphpTj; jiytuhf ,ize;J nfhz;l jpU. FzNrfu mtHfs;> mjd; gpd;dh; yz;ldpy; cs;s kpndl;]; epWtdj;jpd; jiyik mYtyfj;jpw;F khw;wg;gl;lhH. mth; mq;F Mgphpf;fh> mT];jpNuypah kw;Wk; J}ufpof;F ehLfspy;> kpndw; ,d;ud\dy; N`hy;bq;]; rh;tNjr epWtdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; FOk juF nraw;ghLfSf;fhd epjpf; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsh; / epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsuhf Nritahw;wpdhH. 1994 Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if jpUk;gpa mth; NDB tq;fpapy; ,ize;J 2004 Mk; Mz;L mjd; jiyik epjp mjpfhhpahfg; gzpahw;wp Xa;T ngw;whH. l;uhd;]; V\pah N`hl;ly; kw;Wk; V\pah N`hl;ly;]; md;l; g;nuhg;gl;B]; gp.vy;.rp Mfpatw;wpd; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; jpU mtHfs; tpsq;Ffpd;whH. |
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| T.L.F.W. [aNrfu (gzpg;ghsh;) |
jpU. [aNrfu mtHfs;> g;uz;bf;]; yq;fh ypkpll; ,d; FOk epjpg; gzpg;ghsuhf Nritahw;WtJld;> FOkj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j epjpr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk;> mjNdhL ,ize;j Jizr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; nghWg;ghdtuhf tpsq;Ffpd;whH. Kd;djhf va;l;fd; ];ngd;rH md;l; fk;gdpapd; Kd;dhs; FOk epjpg; gzpg;ghsuhf> mjd; jha; epWtdk; kw;Wk; Jiz epWtdq;fs; midj;jpdJk; epjp rhHe;j nraw;ghLfSf;F nghWg;ghdtuhf Nritahw;wpdhH. jpU. [aNrfu mtHfs;> va;l;fd; ];ngd;]H epWtdj;jpy;> KOf; FOkj;jpdJk; epjp eltbf;iffs;> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; jfty; njhopDl;gk; Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghd Kfhikj;Jt rigg; gzpg;ghsH> jpl;l kjpg;gplYf;F KOikahd nghWgNgw;W elj;Jjy;> ePz;lfhy jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpw;Fg; nghWg;ghd $l;lhz;ik epjpg; gzpg;ghsH Mfpa gjtpfs; cl;gl Vuhskhd gjtpfis tfpj;jhH. g`;nua;dpYs;s muhgpa tq;fp ypkpll; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;wpajd; %yk;> rHtNjr tq;fpj;Jiwpay; Nritahw;wpa mDgtj;jpid jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s jpU. [aNrfu mtHfs;> mjidj; njhlHe;J nfhOk;G nlhap\; tq;fpapy; nghJ KfhikahsuhfTk; flikahw;wpAs;shH. ,yq;if gl;laf; fzf;fhsH epWtfj;jpd; /ngNyh mq;fj;jtuhf tpsq;Fk; ,tH> If;fpa ,uhr;rpa gl;la Kfhikj;Jtf; fzf;fha;thsHfs; epWtfj;jpd; ,iz mq;fj;jtuhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;whH. N`a;yP]; epWtdk; kw;Wk; yq;fh ntd;r;rH]; epWtdk; Mfpatw;wpy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhukw;w gzpg;ghsH gjtpapid tfpf;Fk; jpU. [aNrfu mtHfs;> 2010 ngg;uthp 10k; jpfjp Kjy;> NDB tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH |
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